硅锰合金埋弧熔炼过程中炉渣成分软测量

针对硅锰合金埋弧熔炼过程中炉渣成分检测难的问题,提出一种基于自适应差分进化(ADE)优化的约减最小二乘支持向量机(RLSSVM)软测量模型。该模型以硅锰合金熔炼过程的工况参数为实测数据集,首先通过斯密特正交变换获取高维特征空间核矩阵的基,然后利用Direct Kernel PLS回归计算得到约减最小二乘支持向量机软测量模型,并以最小化训练样本的均方差为目标函数,用自适应差分进化算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的核参数和正则化参数,将此模型应用于30 MW硅锰合金埋弧冶炼过程炉渣成分测量。结果表明:ADE-RLSSVM模型测量值与实际值的最大相对误差为7.3%,运行时间为21 min。     

Process disturbances monitoring and recognition of short-circuiting GMAW by fuzzy c-means system

An intelligent fuzzy c-moans system for process monitoring and recognition of process disturbances during shortcircuiting gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is introduced in this paper. The raw measured and ...     

少量硝酸对316L和Hastelloy C合金在循环废酸中腐蚀机理的影响

利用电化学方法、SEM和EDS研究了少量硝酸对316L和Hastelloy C合金在循环废酸中腐蚀机理的影响。结果表明,循环废酸中的少量硝酸能使温度为80℃的循环废酸具有强氧化性,使铁基奥氏体不锈钢316L在循环废酸中形成致密的钝化膜,使其腐蚀速率大幅度降低;使Hastelloy C合金在循环废酸中的钝化膜发生局部溶解,使其腐蚀速率增加。     

减少迷宫密封泄漏量的分析、设计与试验

通过迷宫密封泄漏量的计算,阐述了影响泄漏量的因素。分别对三种特性因素:密封齿形、节流间隙和节流口数进行分析。结果表明,圆形齿产生的泄漏量较大,尽量避免使用;节流间隙与泄漏量呈线性关系,取较小值密封效果较好;节流口数越多,泄漏量越小,但是随着节流口数增多,节流效果增加越不明显,并且经济成本较高,设计时需合理选用节流口数。试验也验证了光电转台迷宫密封满足工程应用要求。     

Hierarchical NiMn Layered Double Hydroxide/Carbon Nanotubes Architecture with Superb Energy Density for Flexible Supercapacitors

A hierarchical nanostructure composed of NiMn‐layered double hydroxide (NiMn‐LDH) microcrystals grafted on carbon nanotube (CNT) backbone is constructed by an in situ growth route, which exhibits superior supercapacitive performance. The resulting composite material (NiMn‐LDH/CNT) displays a three‐dimensional architecture with tunable Ni/Mn ratio, well‐defined core‐shell configuration, and enlarged surface area. An electrochemical investigation shows that the Ni₃Mn₁‐LDH/CNT electrode is rather active, which delivers a maximum specific capacitance of 2960 F g^–1 (at 1.5 A g^–1), excellent rate capability (79.5% retention at 30 A g^–1), and cyclic stability. Moreover, an all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (SC) with good flexibility is fabricated by using the NiMn‐LDH/CNT film and reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/CNT film as the positive and negative electrode, respectively, exhibiting a wide cell voltage of 1.7 V and largely enhanced energy density up to 88.3 Wh kg^–1 (based on the total weight of the device). By virtue of the high‐capacity of pseudocapacitive hydroxides and desirable conductivity of carbon‐based materials, the monolithic design demonstrated in this work provides a promising approach for the development of flexible energy storage systems.     

A Supermolecular Photosensitizer with Excellent Anticancer Performance in Photodynamic Therapy

A supermolecular photosensitizer with excellent anticancer behavior when used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is fabricated by the incorporation of zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc) into the gallery of a layered double hydroxide (LDH). The composite material possesses uniform particle size (hydrodynamic diameter ～120 nm), and the host–guest and guest–guest interactions result in a high dispersion of ZnPc in a monomeric state in the interlayer region of the LDH matrix, with high singlet oxygen production efficiency. In vitro tests performed with HepG2 cells reveal a satisfactory PDT effectiveness of the ZnPc(1.5%)/LDH composite photosensitizer: a cellular damage as high as 85.7% is achieved with a rather low dosage of ZnPc (10 μg/mL). An extraordinarily high specific efficacy is demonstrated (31.59 μg^?1 (J/cm²)^?1), which is over 185.5% enhancement compared with the previously reported photosensitizers under similar test conditions. Furthermore, an in vivo study of the ZnPc(1.5%)/LDH demonstrates excellent PDT performance with an ultra‐low dose (0.3 mg/kg) and a low optical fluence rate (54 J/cm²). In addition, the ZnPc/LDH photosensitizer displays high stability, good biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity, which would guarantee its practical application. Therefore, this work provides a facile approach for design and fabrication of inorganic–organic supermolecular materials with greatly enhanced anticancer behavior.     

Evidence of Oxygen Ferromagnetism in ZnO Based Materials

Discoveries of room‐temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in semiconductors hold great promise in future spintronics technologies. Unfortunately, this ferromagnetism remains poorly understood and the debate concerning the nature, carrier‐mediated versus defect‐mediated, of this ferromagnetism in semiconducting oxides is still open. Here, by using X‐ray absorption (XAS) and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), it is demonstrated that the oxygen ions have a ferromagnetic response in different ZnO‐based compounds showing RTFM behavior: ZnO nanoparticles capped with organic molecules and ZnO/ZnS heterostructures. These results demonstrate the intrinsic occurrence of RTFM in these systems, and point out that it is not related to the metallic cation but it relays on the conduction band of the semiconductor.     

Hierarchical Nanowire Arrays Based on ZnO Core−Layered Double Hydroxide Shell for Largely Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Well‐aligned hierarchical nanoarrays containing ZnO core and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelets shell have been synthesized via a facile electrosynthesis method. The resulting ZnO@CoNi–LDH core?shell nanoarray exhibits promising behavior in photoelectrochemical water splitting, giving rise to a largely enhanced photocurrent density as well as stability; much superior to those of ZnO‐based photoelectrodes. This is attributed to the successful integration of photogenerated electron–hole separation originating from the ZnO core and the excellent electrocatalytic activity of LDH shell. This work provides a facile and cost‐effective strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional nanoarrays with a hierarchical structure, which can be potentially used in energy storage and conversion devices.